Household Wastewater ManagementWater2014
「Household Wastewater ManagementWater2014」於資料集「MajorEnvironmentalPolicies」由單位「行政院環境保護署」的陳小姐所提供，聯繫電話是(02)23117722#2753,(02)23117722#2756，最近更新時間為：2023-07-30 01:03:45。 欄位編號的內容是3228 ， 欄位標題的內容是Household Wastewater Management ， 欄位摘要的內容是Water Household Wastewater Management ， 欄位全文的內容是Water Household Wastewater Management
Following efforts by the government over the last few years to raise funds and build required infrastructure about 40% of Taiwan’s households are now connected to sewerage systems. Speeding up the constructing of sewerage systems is necessary to accelerate the remediation of polluted rivers, and reducing volumes of wastewater produced by households would be of great help as well. The EPA has thus been promoting effluent reduction and reuse at source, resulting in a clear improvement in river pollution.
Household wastewater is produced from daily life activities such as cooking, toilet flushing, bathing, laundry and so on. EPA statistics show that of the pollution in major rivers, 60% of it comes from households, with the remainder coming from industry and livestock rearing. The four main conduits through which household wastewater discharged are public sewerage systems, community sewerage systems, wastewater treatment facilities in large buildings, and septic tanks.
Wastewater is most effectively treated through public sewerage systems. Developed nations have thus made constructing public sewerage systems the focus of wastewater treatment, often including them in national infrastructure development targets. Taiwan is planning to do the same, with the aim of catching up to the household wastewater treatment rates of over 85% reached in the EU and the US.
Statistics for expenditures on pollution control showed that in 2013, government departments at all levels spent a total of NT$65.76 billion on water pollution control, including NT$20.83 billion spent by central government agencies. Among the central government expenditures, the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) allocated 45.7%, or NT$9.52 billion, toward sewerage system construction, an indication of the government’s high priority on such projects.
Stage Goals Reached for Sewerage System Installation
The building of urban sewerage systems has been ongoing for many years: In 1984, the government promulgated the Sewerage Law (下水道法) and in 1988 formulated the Sewerage Construction Program, making the building of sewers one of the major basic infrastructure projects of national importance. In general, once urban sewerage systems have been completed, they fall under the jurisdiction of local governments. According to MOI Construction and Planning Agency statistics, as of the end of September 2014, Taiwan had a 37.15% prevalence of public sewers, a 14.57% prevalence of dedicated sewers for local communities, while 17.15% of large buildings had their own wastewater treatment facilities. The overall wastewater treatment rate was 68.87% (see table below).
The table lists five special municipalities, of which Taipei City and New Taipei City had a 100% and 60.67% prevalence of public sewers in the end of September 2014, respectively. However Taichung City, which covers large mountainous and remote areas, has only achieved a rate of 15.75%. Overall, only about 40% of Taiwan’s households are currently connected to public sewers.
The Construction and Planning Agency is currently implementing Stage Four Public Sewerage Construction Plan (2009-2014) that involves two models: projects undertaken wholly by the government and those that include private-sector participation. The target was to raise the prevalence of household wastewater sewerage systems from 19.27% at the end of 2008 to 35.77% by the end of 2014, a target that has already been reached. With the ongoing progress of building sewerage infrastructure and connecting households to it, the government expects Taiwan to achieve a wastewater treatment rate of 5.85 million cubic meters per day (CMD) by 2031.
Reducing Household Wastewater at Source
To accelerate the remediation of river pollution, more proactive measures other than waiting for the construction of sewerage systems must be taken. To this end, the EPA has been constructing on-site treatment facilities to improve river water purification such as constructed wetlands, river vegetation zones, and gravel contact oxidation. The EPA believes that quickly reducing the impact of household wastewater on rivers is best achieved by raising the efficiency of treatment facilities, reducing household wastewater at source, and reclaiming it wherever possible.
Since almost 70% of the household wastewater is mixed wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms, laundry facilities, etc., and because wastewater from buildings not connected to the public sewerage system are discharged directly into rivers, household greywater has always been one of the major sources of river pollution.
After seeing that household wastewater treatment rates are somewhat low, the EPA decided to roll out some small reduction-at-source measures to reduce the volumes of household wastewater being discharged. These include water-saving measures such as promoting the use of water-saving labeled bathroom fittings, the use of kitchen sink plughole screens to prevent food waste from entering drains, and the use of phosphate-free or Green Mark labeled cleaning agents. Other tips to reduce household wastewater at source include using the water from washing rice to water flowers, soaking up used cooking oil in cookware with used paper, and taking showers instead of baths.
The EPA is also promoting the installation of household wastewater recycling and reuse facilities for large buildings to improve the management of water resources and reduce volumes of household wastewater. To this end, on 15 October 2007, the EPA announced the Suggestions for Recycling and Reuse of Greywater from Large Buildings, which managers of large buildings can refer to when installing and maintaining greywater recycling and reuse facilities. It is suggested that once greywater has been treated, it can be reused to flush toilets; in ornamental fountains; to water plants; to spray on roads to keep down dust; to wash floors, vehicles, and streets; and so on.
The treatment and reuse of household greywater can thus both create a new and important water source for times when conventional sources run low, and also reduce the amount of wastewater being discharged into rivers. ， 欄位年度的內容是2014 ， 欄位月份的內容是12 ， 欄位卷的內容是17 ， 欄位期的內容是12 ， 欄位順序的內容是1 ， 欄位倒序的內容是2 ， 欄位分類的內容是Water ， 欄位標題2的內容是Household Wastewater Management ， 欄位檔案位置的內容是V17/V17-12 。
編號
3228
標題
Household Wastewater Management
摘要
Water Household Wastewater Management
全文
Water Household Wastewater Management Following efforts by the government over the last few years to raise funds and build required infrastructure about 40% of Taiwan’s households are now connected to sewerage systems. Speeding up the constructing of sewerage systems is necessary to accelerate the remediation of polluted rivers, and reducing volumes of wastewater produced by households would be of great help as well. The EPA has thus been promoting effluent reduction and reuse at source, resulting in a clear improvement in river pollution. Household wastewater is produced from daily life activities such as cooking, toilet flushing, bathing, laundry and so on. EPA statistics show that of the pollution in major rivers, 60% of it comes from households, with the remainder coming from industry and livestock rearing. The four main conduits through which household wastewater discharged are public sewerage systems, community sewerage systems, wastewater treatment facilities in large buildings, and septic tanks. Wastewater is most effectively treated through public sewerage systems. Developed nations have thus made constructing public sewerage systems the focus of wastewater treatment, often including them in national infrastructure development targets. Taiwan is planning to do the same, with the aim of catching up to the household wastewater treatment rates of over 85% reached in the EU and the US. Statistics for expenditures on pollution control showed that in 2013, government departments at all levels spent a total of NT$65.76 billion on water pollution control, including NT$20.83 billion spent by central government agencies. Among the central government expenditures, the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) allocated 45.7%, or NT$9.52 billion, toward sewerage system construction, an indication of the government’s high priority on such projects. Stage Goals Reached for Sewerage System Installation The building of urban sewerage systems has been ongoing for many years: In 1984, the government promulgated the Sewerage Law (下水道法) and in 1988 formulated the Sewerage Construction Program, making the building of sewers one of the major basic infrastructure projects of national importance. In general, once urban sewerage systems have been completed, they fall under the jurisdiction of local governments. According to MOI Construction and Planning Agency statistics, as of the end of September 2014, Taiwan had a 37.15% prevalence of public sewers, a 14.57% prevalence of dedicated sewers for local communities, while 17.15% of large buildings had their own wastewater treatment facilities. The overall wastewater treatment rate was 68.87% (see table below). The table lists five special municipalities, of which Taipei City and New Taipei City had a 100% and 60.67% prevalence of public sewers in the end of September 2014, respectively. However Taichung City, which covers large mountainous and remote areas, has only achieved a rate of 15.75%. Overall, only about 40% of Taiwan’s households are currently connected to public sewers. The Construction and Planning Agency is currently implementing Stage Four Public Sewerage Construction Plan (2009-2014) that involves two models: projects undertaken wholly by the government and those that include private-sector participation. The target was to raise the prevalence of household wastewater sewerage systems from 19.27% at the end of 2008 to 35.77% by the end of 2014, a target that has already been reached. With the ongoing progress of building sewerage infrastructure and connecting households to it, the government expects Taiwan to achieve a wastewater treatment rate of 5.85 million cubic meters per day (CMD) by 2031. Reducing Household Wastewater at Source To accelerate the remediation of river pollution, more proactive measures other than waiting for the construction of sewerage systems must be taken. To this end, the EPA has been constructing on-site treatment facilities to improve river water purification such as constructed wetlands, river vegetation zones, and gravel contact oxidation. The EPA believes that quickly reducing the impact of household wastewater on rivers is best achieved by raising the efficiency of treatment facilities, reducing household wastewater at source, and reclaiming it wherever possible. Since almost 70% of the household wastewater is mixed wastewater from kitchens, bathrooms, laundry facilities, etc., and because wastewater from buildings not connected to the public sewerage system are discharged directly into rivers, household greywater has always been one of the major sources of river pollution. After seeing that household wastewater treatment rates are somewhat low, the EPA decided to roll out some small reduction-at-source measures to reduce the volumes of household wastewater being discharged. These include water-saving measures such as promoting the use of water-saving labeled bathroom fittings, the use of kitchen sink plughole screens to prevent food waste from entering drains, and the use of phosphate-free or Green Mark labeled cleaning agents. Other tips to reduce household wastewater at source include using the water from washing rice to water flowers, soaking up used cooking oil in cookware with used paper, and taking showers instead of baths. The EPA is also promoting the installation of household wastewater recycling and reuse facilities for large buildings to improve the management of water resources and reduce volumes of household wastewater. To this end, on 15 October 2007, the EPA announced the Suggestions for Recycling and Reuse of Greywater from Large Buildings, which managers of large buildings can refer to when installing and maintaining greywater recycling and reuse facilities. It is suggested that once greywater has been treated, it can be reused to flush toilets; in ornamental fountains; to water plants; to spray on roads to keep down dust; to wash floors, vehicles, and streets; and so on. The treatment and reuse of household greywater can thus both create a new and important water source for times when conventional sources run low, and also reduce the amount of wastewater being discharged into rivers.
年度
2014
月份
12
卷
17
期
12
順序
1
倒序
2
分類
Water
標題2
Household Wastewater Management
檔案位置
V17/V17-12
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