Department of Environmental Protection—Building an Eco-Citywaste
「Department of Environmental Protection—Building an Eco-Citywaste」於資料集「Environmental Policy Monthly」由單位「行政院環境保護署」的楊先生所提供，聯繫電話是(02)23117722#2217,(02)23117722#2216，最近更新時間為：2022-01-15 01:13:03。 欄位編號的內容是967 ， 欄位標題的內容是Department of Environmental Protection—Building an Eco-City ， 欄位摘要的內容是Enforcement by local environmental protection organizations is essential if the environmental protection policies and regulations formulated by the EPA are to have any effect. Since Taipei is the largest city in Taiwan in this issue we interview Director Stephen S.H. Shen of Taipei’s Department of Environmental Protection and hear his views concerning Taipei's environmental problems and response strategies. In particular, Director Shen discusses his "zero landfills by 2020" solution to the city's waste disposal problem, and expresses his hope that Taipei can become a beautiful, ecological city.
The roots of the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government (TDEP) can be traced back to July 1982. At that time, facing increasingly severe environmental problems, the Taipei City government renamed the existing “Environmental Sanitation Office” (環境清潔處) the “Department of Environmental Protection” (環境保護局) with the approval of the Executive Yuan, and charged it with protecting the environment and strengthening pollution prevention. Now in its twentieth year, TDEP currently employs more than 8,000 persons. Apart from handling administrative duties in connection with its environmental protection mission, TDEP is also responsible for the collection and disposal of household waste, the operation of the Neihu (內湖), Mucha (木柵), and Peitou (北投) incinerators, and management of the Shanchuku Landfill (山豬窟垃圾衛生掩埋場). TDEP commands an annual budget of approximately NT$6 billion, which is mainly used for waste disposal and environmental cleanup expenses (more than 55% of total budget), as well as waste disposal engineering, the city sanitation inspection team, and the operation of its three incinerators. In general, TDEP's largest expense item is waste removal and disposal.
Taipei’s Environment Continues to Improve
“Many types of environmental monitoring data indicate that overall environmental quality in Taipei City has improved significantly.” TDEP Director Stephen S.H. Shen (沈世宏) went on to describe how the number of days per year with poor air quality (PSI>100) has dropped from more than 60 in the past to 44 last year. Today Taipei City looks forward to alleviating the problem of high ozone concentration in the air by acquiring natural gas buses and encouraging the use of electric bicycles. Progress is being made against the noise problem, and instances of environmental noise exceeding acceptable standards have dropped continuously over the most recent three years. However, while household sewer connections are growing by around 5% per year, there have been only minor variations in the overall quality of river water, and there has been no significant improvement.
Over the last few years TDEP has launched a series of activities to promote community environmental sanitation, an issue intimately linked to residents’ everyday lives. For instance, in the past TDEP initiated a campaign to wipe out the small paper flyer advertisements that usually end up as litter on city streets, and last year it rated the cleanliness of public toilets as part of its very successful "Public Toilets Year." This year TDEP has tried to reduce the amount of dog excrement on city streets through its "Use a Leash" and "Lend a Hand to Clean up Dog Excrement" campaigns. In addition, TDEP’s “Green Mountains and Clean Water—Bring Litter Home in a Bag” campaign is spearheading the fight against litter in mountain and riverside recreation spots. “The mayor’s support has been essential to the success of these activities,” said Director Shen, and Mayor Ma Ying-jeou’s (馬英九) backing has enabled TDEP to receive strong support from other city government agencies. Extensive mobilization of the manpower of the TDEP and other government agencies—especially the participation of borough chiefs—has enabled TDEP’s activities to reach every corner of Taipei and successfully improve community environmental quality.
Aiming for Zero Landfills by 2010
"Our biggest challenge is waste. While our original goal was to have zero landfills by 2020, we are now planning to achieve this by 2010." Director Shen thus stated the core environmental problem in Taipei, while also mentioning his forward-sighted solution of "zero landfill, total recycling." TDEP hopes that all waste can be recycled and reused, including scrap metal, paper, and glass. Even kitchen garbage will be used to make compost, or fed to animals after sterilization. For its part, flammable waste can be used to generate electricity in incinerators. And after sorting, incinerator ash and building waste can also be reused. When this vision of recycling is fully realized, there will be no need to rely on landfills as final disposal sites.
The waste removal system currently works like this in Taipei: City residents put their household trash in bags and take it to fixed collection and removal points. There TDEP's sanitation teams pick up the waste in their trucks and transport it to disposal facilities for centralized treatment. TDEP currently disposes of waste at its Neihu, Mucha, and Peitou incinerators, which have a total disposal capacity of 4,200 tonnes per day. When operating at full capacity, these facilities are sufficient to dispose of most waste produced in Taipei City. In addition, Taipei also disposes of waste in the Shanchuku Sanitary Landfill, which is the city’s second sanitary landfill. Having gone into operation in 1994, this landfill has a total volume of 6.17 million cubic meters, and presently has 580,000 cubic meters of room left. It is currently used for the disposal of noncombustible waste and incinerator ash.
To achieve its zero landfill goal, TDEP began implementing a per-bag fee collection system in July 2000, and this program has successfully reduced the city's waste output. To further lessen the burden on landfills, TDEP requires residents and businesses to perform waste sorting, which prevents useful resources from being sent to incinerators and landfills. TDEP is also relying on several newly-acquired technologies to keep flammable wastes from being put into landfills. For example, it uses huge waste crushers to grind up pieces of flammable waste prior to disposal by incineration. Spring mattress disassembly technology enables discarded mattresses to be broken down into flammable cloth and fibers, which can be incinerated, and springs and other metal parts, which can be sold to recycling firms for reuse. TDEP's statistics show that the average waste volume entering the city's landfills has fallen from 2,584 cubic meters per day in 1999 to 1,022 cubic meters per day in March and April of this year (2002), and only 856 cubic meters per day in May and June. This reduction in waste output will dramatically extend the useful life of Taipei's only operating landfill, while relieving pressure to build a third landfill.
TDEP plans to build a number of recycling facilities via a BOT (build-operate-transfer) approach in the future. These will include an organic waste disposal facility at the Peitou incinerator, a comprehensive sorting facility at the Neihu incinerator, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste at the second landfill. Organic waste disposal and comprehensive sorting facilities will be built at all three incinerators in the years to come, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste will be built at a third landfill. This system will allow all useable resources to be recycled, while producing energy from the incineration of the remaining waste. The ash produced from the incineration of waste will either be used by private ash recycling firms, or by reuse facilities established by TDEP itself. Ash will be used in the paving of roads, and incinerator slag can be used directly as a paving material. And when the existing incinerators approach retirement, they will be converted into thermal decomposition furnaces producing no dioxin. When there is no excess incinerator ash needing disposal, then the goal of "zero landfill, total recycling" will truly have been reached.
Taipei City's Timetable for Zero Landfill, Total Recycling by 2020
Time
2001~2005
2006~2010
2011~2015
2016~2020
Tasks to be completed
1. Use of restaurant garbage as hog feed (150 tonnes/day)
2. Trial compost plant (30 tonnes/day)
3. Composting of leaves from parks and schools (18 tonnes/day)
4. Crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversize waste (100 tonnes/day)
5. Mandatory pre-sorting of waste
1. Organic waste compost plant (900 tonnes/day)
2. Full sorting and disposal facility (300 tonnes/day)
1. Organic waste compost plant (500 tonnes/day)
2. Full sorting and disposal facility (1600 tonnes/day)
Waste decomposition, ash vitrification, and ash solidification facilities
Incinerated waste
2451 tonnes/day
1541 tonnes/day
775 tonnes/day
775 tonnes/day
Waste entering landfills
698 tonnes/day
466 tonnes/day
212 tonnes/day
212~0 tonnes/day
Per-Bag Fee Collection Cuts Taipei Garbage Volume by 38%
Taipei City previously collected waste disposal fees according to water use, and each household had to pay an additional NT$4 in waste fees for every standard unit of water used. Although this was a convenient way of collecting waste disposal fees, the lack of a direct connection between water use and waste output made it occasionally unfair.
With the support of the city council, TDEP therefore began changing to a per-bag fee collection system on July 1, 2000. City residents must now pack their waste in designated waste bags produced by TDEP and available for purchase at stores throughout the city before it will be picked up by a sanitation team. Residents can also separate recyclable resources from their waste and give them to a sanitation team recycling truck free of charge. This system not only provides economic incentives for waste reduction and recycling, but also realizes the polluter pays principle.
Since Taipei implemented a per-bag fee collection system, use of designated waste bags has approached 100% among city residents. TDEP waste statistics indicate that average daily total waste volume in Taipei has fallen by 26.3% from 3,695 tonnes in 1999 to the current 2,722 tonnes. In addition, the average daily amount of household waste produced has fallen by 37.7% from 2,970 tonnes in 1999 to 1,581 tonnes today. Average daily total waste output during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen to 2,408 tonnes, or 34.8% less than during 1999. These statistics similarly indicate that the average amount of household waste produced daily during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen 42.2% over the amount in 1999 to 1,718 tonnes. This shows that the per-bag fee collection system has delivered significant benefits and is increasingly effective.
In addition, the amount of resources recycled by TDEP has risen 125% from an average of 73 tonnes per day in 1999 to 163 tonnes per day at present. Thanks to the dramatic increase in recycling that followed institution of the per-bag fee collection system, the recycling industry has staged a revival, and many schools, organizations, and apartment buildings, etc., are earning money selling recyclable materials to private recycling firms. When resources recycled by private recyclers are included, a total of 20,007 tonnes of materials were recycled in Taipei during May 2002, which works out to 645 tonnes of materials per day and a recycling rate of 20.5%. It is clear that the per-bag fee collection system is achieving the goal of waste reduction and full-scale recycling, easing demand for incinerator capacity, and extending the useful life of existing landfills.
Thanks to the successful implementation of per-bag fee collection by TDEP, the Regional Institute of the Environment gave its "Outstanding Asian Waste Management Award" to the Taipei City government on November 7, 2001. This award provides further affirmation for the city's success at giving residents outstanding, forward-looking waste management services. The Regional Institute of the Environment was jointly established by the Commission of the European Communities and the government of Singapore to study international non-profit non-governmental organizations that focus on environmental issues in Europe and Asia.
The successful implementation of a per-bag fee collection system is a major first step towards realization of the ideal of "zero landfill, total recycling." In the future TDEP will build on this foundation by instituting a variety of further waste management measures and acquiring advanced recycling technology. Director Shen has confidently declared, "We are absolutely sure we can reach our objective of "zero landfill, total recycling" by 2020."
CAPTION: Taipei City’s recycling volume has greatly increased following the introduction of the per-bag fee collection system. ， 欄位全文的內容是Enforcement by local environmental protection organizations is essential if the environmental protection policies and regulations formulated by the EPA are to have any effect. Since Taipei is the largest city in Taiwan in this issue we interview Director Stephen S.H. Shen of Taipei’s Department of Environmental Protection and hear his views concerning Taipei's environmental problems and response strategies. In particular, Director Shen discusses his "zero landfills by 2020" solution to the city's waste disposal problem, and expresses his hope that Taipei can become a beautiful, ecological city.
The roots of the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government (TDEP) can be traced back to July 1982. At that time, facing increasingly severe environmental problems, the Taipei City government renamed the existing “Environmental Sanitation Office” (環境清潔處) the “Department of Environmental Protection” (環境保護局) with the approval of the Executive Yuan, and charged it with protecting the environment and strengthening pollution prevention. Now in its twentieth year, TDEP currently employs more than 8,000 persons. Apart from handling administrative duties in connection with its environmental protection mission, TDEP is also responsible for the collection and disposal of household waste, the operation of the Neihu (內湖), Mucha (木柵), and Peitou (北投) incinerators, and management of the Shanchuku Landfill (山豬窟垃圾衛生掩埋場). TDEP commands an annual budget of approximately NT$6 billion, which is mainly used for waste disposal and environmental cleanup expenses (more than 55% of total budget), as well as waste disposal engineering, the city sanitation inspection team, and the operation of its three incinerators. In general, TDEP's largest expense item is waste removal and disposal.
Taipei’s Environment Continues to Improve
“Many types of environmental monitoring data indicate that overall environmental quality in Taipei City has improved significantly.” TDEP Director Stephen S.H. Shen (沈世宏) went on to describe how the number of days per year with poor air quality (PSI>100) has dropped from more than 60 in the past to 44 last year. Today Taipei City looks forward to alleviating the problem of high ozone concentration in the air by acquiring natural gas buses and encouraging the use of electric bicycles. Progress is being made against the noise problem, and instances of environmental noise exceeding acceptable standards have dropped continuously over the most recent three years. However, while household sewer connections are growing by around 5% per year, there have been only minor variations in the overall quality of river water, and there has been no significant improvement.
Over the last few years TDEP has launched a series of activities to promote community environmental sanitation, an issue intimately linked to residents’ everyday lives. For instance, in the past TDEP initiated a campaign to wipe out the small paper flyer advertisements that usually end up as litter on city streets, and last year it rated the cleanliness of public toilets as part of its very successful "Public Toilets Year." This year TDEP has tried to reduce the amount of dog excrement on city streets through its "Use a Leash" and "Lend a Hand to Clean up Dog Excrement" campaigns. In addition, TDEP’s “Green Mountains and Clean Water—Bring Litter Home in a Bag” campaign is spearheading the fight against litter in mountain and riverside recreation spots. “The mayor’s support has been essential to the success of these activities,” said Director Shen, and Mayor Ma Ying-jeou’s (馬英九) backing has enabled TDEP to receive strong support from other city government agencies. Extensive mobilization of the manpower of the TDEP and other government agencies—especially the participation of borough chiefs—has enabled TDEP’s activities to reach every corner of Taipei and successfully improve community environmental quality.
Aiming for Zero Landfills by 2010
"Our biggest challenge is waste. While our original goal was to have zero landfills by 2020, we are now planning to achieve this by 2010." Director Shen thus stated the core environmental problem in Taipei, while also mentioning his forward-sighted solution of "zero landfill, total recycling." TDEP hopes that all waste can be recycled and reused, including scrap metal, paper, and glass. Even kitchen garbage will be used to make compost, or fed to animals after sterilization. For its part, flammable waste can be used to generate electricity in incinerators. And after sorting, incinerator ash and building waste can also be reused. When this vision of recycling is fully realized, there will be no need to rely on landfills as final disposal sites.
The waste removal system currently works like this in Taipei: City residents put their household trash in bags and take it to fixed collection and removal points. There TDEP's sanitation teams pick up the waste in their trucks and transport it to disposal facilities for centralized treatment. TDEP currently disposes of waste at its Neihu, Mucha, and Peitou incinerators, which have a total disposal capacity of 4,200 tonnes per day. When operating at full capacity, these facilities are sufficient to dispose of most waste produced in Taipei City. In addition, Taipei also disposes of waste in the Shanchuku Sanitary Landfill, which is the city’s second sanitary landfill. Having gone into operation in 1994, this landfill has a total volume of 6.17 million cubic meters, and presently has 580,000 cubic meters of room left. It is currently used for the disposal of noncombustible waste and incinerator ash.
To achieve its zero landfill goal, TDEP began implementing a per-bag fee collection system in July 2000, and this program has successfully reduced the city's waste output. To further lessen the burden on landfills, TDEP requires residents and businesses to perform waste sorting, which prevents useful resources from being sent to incinerators and landfills. TDEP is also relying on several newly-acquired technologies to keep flammable wastes from being put into landfills. For example, it uses huge waste crushers to grind up pieces of flammable waste prior to disposal by incineration. Spring mattress disassembly technology enables discarded mattresses to be broken down into flammable cloth and fibers, which can be incinerated, and springs and other metal parts, which can be sold to recycling firms for reuse. TDEP's statistics show that the average waste volume entering the city's landfills has fallen from 2,584 cubic meters per day in 1999 to 1,022 cubic meters per day in March and April of this year (2002), and only 856 cubic meters per day in May and June. This reduction in waste output will dramatically extend the useful life of Taipei's only operating landfill, while relieving pressure to build a third landfill.
TDEP plans to build a number of recycling facilities via a BOT (build-operate-transfer) approach in the future. These will include an organic waste disposal facility at the Peitou incinerator, a comprehensive sorting facility at the Neihu incinerator, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste at the second landfill. Organic waste disposal and comprehensive sorting facilities will be built at all three incinerators in the years to come, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste will be built at a third landfill. This system will allow all useable resources to be recycled, while producing energy from the incineration of the remaining waste. The ash produced from the incineration of waste will either be used by private ash recycling firms, or by reuse facilities established by TDEP itself. Ash will be used in the paving of roads, and incinerator slag can be used directly as a paving material. And when the existing incinerators approach retirement, they will be converted into thermal decomposition furnaces producing no dioxin. When there is no excess incinerator ash needing disposal, then the goal of "zero landfill, total recycling" will truly have been reached.
Taipei City's Timetable for Zero Landfill, Total Recycling by 2020
Time
2001~2005
2006~2010
2011~2015
2016~2020
Tasks to be completed
1. Use of restaurant garbage as hog feed (150 tonnes/day)
2. Trial compost plant (30 tonnes/day)
3. Composting of leaves from parks and schools (18 tonnes/day)
4. Crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversize waste (100 tonnes/day)
5. Mandatory pre-sorting of waste
1. Organic waste compost plant (900 tonnes/day)
2. Full sorting and disposal facility (300 tonnes/day)
1. Organic waste compost plant (500 tonnes/day)
2. Full sorting and disposal facility (1600 tonnes/day)
Waste decomposition, ash vitrification, and ash solidification facilities
Incinerated waste
2451 tonnes/day
1541 tonnes/day
775 tonnes/day
775 tonnes/day
Waste entering landfills
698 tonnes/day
466 tonnes/day
212 tonnes/day
212~0 tonnes/day
Per-Bag Fee Collection Cuts Taipei Garbage Volume by 38%
Taipei City previously collected waste disposal fees according to water use, and each household had to pay an additional NT$4 in waste fees for every standard unit of water used. Although this was a convenient way of collecting waste disposal fees, the lack of a direct connection between water use and waste output made it occasionally unfair.
With the support of the city council, TDEP therefore began changing to a per-bag fee collection system on July 1, 2000. City residents must now pack their waste in designated waste bags produced by TDEP and available for purchase at stores throughout the city before it will be picked up by a sanitation team. Residents can also separate recyclable resources from their waste and give them to a sanitation team recycling truck free of charge. This system not only provides economic incentives for waste reduction and recycling, but also realizes the polluter pays principle.
Since Taipei implemented a per-bag fee collection system, use of designated waste bags has approached 100% among city residents. TDEP waste statistics indicate that average daily total waste volume in Taipei has fallen by 26.3% from 3,695 tonnes in 1999 to the current 2,722 tonnes. In addition, the average daily amount of household waste produced has fallen by 37.7% from 2,970 tonnes in 1999 to 1,581 tonnes today. Average daily total waste output during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen to 2,408 tonnes, or 34.8% less than during 1999. These statistics similarly indicate that the average amount of household waste produced daily during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen 42.2% over the amount in 1999 to 1,718 tonnes. This shows that the per-bag fee collection system has delivered significant benefits and is increasingly effective.
In addition, the amount of resources recycled by TDEP has risen 125% from an average of 73 tonnes per day in 1999 to 163 tonnes per day at present. Thanks to the dramatic increase in recycling that followed institution of the per-bag fee collection system, the recycling industry has staged a revival, and many schools, organizations, and apartment buildings, etc., are earning money selling recyclable materials to private recycling firms. When resources recycled by private recyclers are included, a total of 20,007 tonnes of materials were recycled in Taipei during May 2002, which works out to 645 tonnes of materials per day and a recycling rate of 20.5%. It is clear that the per-bag fee collection system is achieving the goal of waste reduction and full-scale recycling, easing demand for incinerator capacity, and extending the useful life of existing landfills.
Thanks to the successful implementation of per-bag fee collection by TDEP, the Regional Institute of the Environment gave its "Outstanding Asian Waste Management Award" to the Taipei City government on November 7, 2001. This award provides further affirmation for the city's success at giving residents outstanding, forward-looking waste management services. The Regional Institute of the Environment was jointly established by the Commission of the European Communities and the government of Singapore to study international non-profit non-governmental organizations that focus on environmental issues in Europe and Asia.
The successful implementation of a per-bag fee collection system is a major first step towards realization of the ideal of "zero landfill, total recycling." In the future TDEP will build on this foundation by instituting a variety of further waste management measures and acquiring advanced recycling technology. Director Shen has confidently declared, "We are absolutely sure we can reach our objective of "zero landfill, total recycling" by 2020."
CAPTION: Taipei City’s recycling volume has greatly increased following the introduction of the per-bag fee collection system. ， 欄位年度的內容是2002 ， 欄位月份的內容是5 ， 欄位卷的內容是5 ， 欄位期的內容是7 ， 欄位順序的內容是1 ， 欄位倒序的內容是2 ， 欄位分類的內容是waste ， 欄位標題2的內容是Department of Environmental Protection-Building an Eco-City ， 欄位檔案位置的內容是print/V5/V5-07 。
編號
967
標題
Department of Environmental Protection—Building an Eco-City
摘要
Enforcement by local environmental protection organizations is essential if the environmental protection policies and regulations formulated by the EPA are to have any effect. Since Taipei is the largest city in Taiwan in this issue we interview Director Stephen S.H. Shen of Taipei’s Department of Environmental Protection and hear his views concerning Taipei's environmental problems and response strategies. In particular, Director Shen discusses his "zero landfills by 2020" solution to the city's waste disposal problem, and expresses his hope that Taipei can become a beautiful, ecological city. The roots of the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government (TDEP) can be traced back to July 1982. At that time, facing increasingly severe environmental problems, the Taipei City government renamed the existing “Environmental Sanitation Office” (環境清潔處) the “Department of Environmental Protection” (環境保護局) with the approval of the Executive Yuan, and charged it with protecting the environment and strengthening pollution prevention. Now in its twentieth year, TDEP currently employs more than 8,000 persons. Apart from handling administrative duties in connection with its environmental protection mission, TDEP is also responsible for the collection and disposal of household waste, the operation of the Neihu (內湖), Mucha (木柵), and Peitou (北投) incinerators, and management of the Shanchuku Landfill (山豬窟垃圾衛生掩埋場). TDEP commands an annual budget of approximately NT$6 billion, which is mainly used for waste disposal and environmental cleanup expenses (more than 55% of total budget), as well as waste disposal engineering, the city sanitation inspection team, and the operation of its three incinerators. In general, TDEP's largest expense item is waste removal and disposal. Taipei’s Environment Continues to Improve “Many types of environmental monitoring data indicate that overall environmental quality in Taipei City has improved significantly.” TDEP Director Stephen S.H. Shen (沈世宏) went on to describe how the number of days per year with poor air quality (PSI>100) has dropped from more than 60 in the past to 44 last year. Today Taipei City looks forward to alleviating the problem of high ozone concentration in the air by acquiring natural gas buses and encouraging the use of electric bicycles. Progress is being made against the noise problem, and instances of environmental noise exceeding acceptable standards have dropped continuously over the most recent three years. However, while household sewer connections are growing by around 5% per year, there have been only minor variations in the overall quality of river water, and there has been no significant improvement. Over the last few years TDEP has launched a series of activities to promote community environmental sanitation, an issue intimately linked to residents’ everyday lives. For instance, in the past TDEP initiated a campaign to wipe out the small paper flyer advertisements that usually end up as litter on city streets, and last year it rated the cleanliness of public toilets as part of its very successful "Public Toilets Year." This year TDEP has tried to reduce the amount of dog excrement on city streets through its "Use a Leash" and "Lend a Hand to Clean up Dog Excrement" campaigns. In addition, TDEP’s “Green Mountains and Clean Water—Bring Litter Home in a Bag” campaign is spearheading the fight against litter in mountain and riverside recreation spots. “The mayor’s support has been essential to the success of these activities,” said Director Shen, and Mayor Ma Ying-jeou’s (馬英九) backing has enabled TDEP to receive strong support from other city government agencies. Extensive mobilization of the manpower of the TDEP and other government agencies—especially the participation of borough chiefs—has enabled TDEP’s activities to reach every corner of Taipei and successfully improve community environmental quality. Aiming for Zero Landfills by 2010 "Our biggest challenge is waste. While our original goal was to have zero landfills by 2020, we are now planning to achieve this by 2010." Director Shen thus stated the core environmental problem in Taipei, while also mentioning his forward-sighted solution of "zero landfill, total recycling." TDEP hopes that all waste can be recycled and reused, including scrap metal, paper, and glass. Even kitchen garbage will be used to make compost, or fed to animals after sterilization. For its part, flammable waste can be used to generate electricity in incinerators. And after sorting, incinerator ash and building waste can also be reused. When this vision of recycling is fully realized, there will be no need to rely on landfills as final disposal sites. The waste removal system currently works like this in Taipei: City residents put their household trash in bags and take it to fixed collection and removal points. There TDEP's sanitation teams pick up the waste in their trucks and transport it to disposal facilities for centralized treatment. TDEP currently disposes of waste at its Neihu, Mucha, and Peitou incinerators, which have a total disposal capacity of 4,200 tonnes per day. When operating at full capacity, these facilities are sufficient to dispose of most waste produced in Taipei City. In addition, Taipei also disposes of waste in the Shanchuku Sanitary Landfill, which is the city’s second sanitary landfill. Having gone into operation in 1994, this landfill has a total volume of 6.17 million cubic meters, and presently has 580,000 cubic meters of room left. It is currently used for the disposal of noncombustible waste and incinerator ash. To achieve its zero landfill goal, TDEP began implementing a per-bag fee collection system in July 2000, and this program has successfully reduced the city's waste output. To further lessen the burden on landfills, TDEP requires residents and businesses to perform waste sorting, which prevents useful resources from being sent to incinerators and landfills. TDEP is also relying on several newly-acquired technologies to keep flammable wastes from being put into landfills. For example, it uses huge waste crushers to grind up pieces of flammable waste prior to disposal by incineration. Spring mattress disassembly technology enables discarded mattresses to be broken down into flammable cloth and fibers, which can be incinerated, and springs and other metal parts, which can be sold to recycling firms for reuse. TDEP's statistics show that the average waste volume entering the city's landfills has fallen from 2,584 cubic meters per day in 1999 to 1,022 cubic meters per day in March and April of this year (2002), and only 856 cubic meters per day in May and June. This reduction in waste output will dramatically extend the useful life of Taipei's only operating landfill, while relieving pressure to build a third landfill. TDEP plans to build a number of recycling facilities via a BOT (build-operate-transfer) approach in the future. These will include an organic waste disposal facility at the Peitou incinerator, a comprehensive sorting facility at the Neihu incinerator, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste at the second landfill. Organic waste disposal and comprehensive sorting facilities will be built at all three incinerators in the years to come, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste will be built at a third landfill. This system will allow all useable resources to be recycled, while producing energy from the incineration of the remaining waste. The ash produced from the incineration of waste will either be used by private ash recycling firms, or by reuse facilities established by TDEP itself. Ash will be used in the paving of roads, and incinerator slag can be used directly as a paving material. And when the existing incinerators approach retirement, they will be converted into thermal decomposition furnaces producing no dioxin. When there is no excess incinerator ash needing disposal, then the goal of "zero landfill, total recycling" will truly have been reached. Taipei City's Timetable for Zero Landfill, Total Recycling by 2020 Time 2001~2005 2006~2010 2011~2015 2016~2020 Tasks to be completed 1. Use of restaurant garbage as hog feed (150 tonnes/day) 2. Trial compost plant (30 tonnes/day) 3. Composting of leaves from parks and schools (18 tonnes/day) 4. Crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversize waste (100 tonnes/day) 5. Mandatory pre-sorting of waste 1. Organic waste compost plant (900 tonnes/day) 2. Full sorting and disposal facility (300 tonnes/day) 1. Organic waste compost plant (500 tonnes/day) 2. Full sorting and disposal facility (1600 tonnes/day) Waste decomposition, ash vitrification, and ash solidification facilities Incinerated waste 2451 tonnes/day 1541 tonnes/day 775 tonnes/day 775 tonnes/day Waste entering landfills 698 tonnes/day 466 tonnes/day 212 tonnes/day 212~0 tonnes/day Per-Bag Fee Collection Cuts Taipei Garbage Volume by 38% Taipei City previously collected waste disposal fees according to water use, and each household had to pay an additional NT$4 in waste fees for every standard unit of water used. Although this was a convenient way of collecting waste disposal fees, the lack of a direct connection between water use and waste output made it occasionally unfair. With the support of the city council, TDEP therefore began changing to a per-bag fee collection system on July 1, 2000. City residents must now pack their waste in designated waste bags produced by TDEP and available for purchase at stores throughout the city before it will be picked up by a sanitation team. Residents can also separate recyclable resources from their waste and give them to a sanitation team recycling truck free of charge. This system not only provides economic incentives for waste reduction and recycling, but also realizes the polluter pays principle. Since Taipei implemented a per-bag fee collection system, use of designated waste bags has approached 100% among city residents. TDEP waste statistics indicate that average daily total waste volume in Taipei has fallen by 26.3% from 3,695 tonnes in 1999 to the current 2,722 tonnes. In addition, the average daily amount of household waste produced has fallen by 37.7% from 2,970 tonnes in 1999 to 1,581 tonnes today. Average daily total waste output during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen to 2,408 tonnes, or 34.8% less than during 1999. These statistics similarly indicate that the average amount of household waste produced daily during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen 42.2% over the amount in 1999 to 1,718 tonnes. This shows that the per-bag fee collection system has delivered significant benefits and is increasingly effective. In addition, the amount of resources recycled by TDEP has risen 125% from an average of 73 tonnes per day in 1999 to 163 tonnes per day at present. Thanks to the dramatic increase in recycling that followed institution of the per-bag fee collection system, the recycling industry has staged a revival, and many schools, organizations, and apartment buildings, etc., are earning money selling recyclable materials to private recycling firms. When resources recycled by private recyclers are included, a total of 20,007 tonnes of materials were recycled in Taipei during May 2002, which works out to 645 tonnes of materials per day and a recycling rate of 20.5%. It is clear that the per-bag fee collection system is achieving the goal of waste reduction and full-scale recycling, easing demand for incinerator capacity, and extending the useful life of existing landfills. Thanks to the successful implementation of per-bag fee collection by TDEP, the Regional Institute of the Environment gave its "Outstanding Asian Waste Management Award" to the Taipei City government on November 7, 2001. This award provides further affirmation for the city's success at giving residents outstanding, forward-looking waste management services. The Regional Institute of the Environment was jointly established by the Commission of the European Communities and the government of Singapore to study international non-profit non-governmental organizations that focus on environmental issues in Europe and Asia. The successful implementation of a per-bag fee collection system is a major first step towards realization of the ideal of "zero landfill, total recycling." In the future TDEP will build on this foundation by instituting a variety of further waste management measures and acquiring advanced recycling technology. Director Shen has confidently declared, "We are absolutely sure we can reach our objective of "zero landfill, total recycling" by 2020." CAPTION: Taipei City’s recycling volume has greatly increased following the introduction of the per-bag fee collection system.
全文
Enforcement by local environmental protection organizations is essential if the environmental protection policies and regulations formulated by the EPA are to have any effect. Since Taipei is the largest city in Taiwan in this issue we interview Director Stephen S.H. Shen of Taipei’s Department of Environmental Protection and hear his views concerning Taipei's environmental problems and response strategies. In particular, Director Shen discusses his "zero landfills by 2020" solution to the city's waste disposal problem, and expresses his hope that Taipei can become a beautiful, ecological city. The roots of the Department of Environmental Protection of the Taipei City Government (TDEP) can be traced back to July 1982. At that time, facing increasingly severe environmental problems, the Taipei City government renamed the existing “Environmental Sanitation Office” (環境清潔處) the “Department of Environmental Protection” (環境保護局) with the approval of the Executive Yuan, and charged it with protecting the environment and strengthening pollution prevention. Now in its twentieth year, TDEP currently employs more than 8,000 persons. Apart from handling administrative duties in connection with its environmental protection mission, TDEP is also responsible for the collection and disposal of household waste, the operation of the Neihu (內湖), Mucha (木柵), and Peitou (北投) incinerators, and management of the Shanchuku Landfill (山豬窟垃圾衛生掩埋場). TDEP commands an annual budget of approximately NT$6 billion, which is mainly used for waste disposal and environmental cleanup expenses (more than 55% of total budget), as well as waste disposal engineering, the city sanitation inspection team, and the operation of its three incinerators. In general, TDEP's largest expense item is waste removal and disposal. Taipei’s Environment Continues to Improve “Many types of environmental monitoring data indicate that overall environmental quality in Taipei City has improved significantly.” TDEP Director Stephen S.H. Shen (沈世宏) went on to describe how the number of days per year with poor air quality (PSI>100) has dropped from more than 60 in the past to 44 last year. Today Taipei City looks forward to alleviating the problem of high ozone concentration in the air by acquiring natural gas buses and encouraging the use of electric bicycles. Progress is being made against the noise problem, and instances of environmental noise exceeding acceptable standards have dropped continuously over the most recent three years. However, while household sewer connections are growing by around 5% per year, there have been only minor variations in the overall quality of river water, and there has been no significant improvement. Over the last few years TDEP has launched a series of activities to promote community environmental sanitation, an issue intimately linked to residents’ everyday lives. For instance, in the past TDEP initiated a campaign to wipe out the small paper flyer advertisements that usually end up as litter on city streets, and last year it rated the cleanliness of public toilets as part of its very successful "Public Toilets Year." This year TDEP has tried to reduce the amount of dog excrement on city streets through its "Use a Leash" and "Lend a Hand to Clean up Dog Excrement" campaigns. In addition, TDEP’s “Green Mountains and Clean Water—Bring Litter Home in a Bag” campaign is spearheading the fight against litter in mountain and riverside recreation spots. “The mayor’s support has been essential to the success of these activities,” said Director Shen, and Mayor Ma Ying-jeou’s (馬英九) backing has enabled TDEP to receive strong support from other city government agencies. Extensive mobilization of the manpower of the TDEP and other government agencies—especially the participation of borough chiefs—has enabled TDEP’s activities to reach every corner of Taipei and successfully improve community environmental quality. Aiming for Zero Landfills by 2010 "Our biggest challenge is waste. While our original goal was to have zero landfills by 2020, we are now planning to achieve this by 2010." Director Shen thus stated the core environmental problem in Taipei, while also mentioning his forward-sighted solution of "zero landfill, total recycling." TDEP hopes that all waste can be recycled and reused, including scrap metal, paper, and glass. Even kitchen garbage will be used to make compost, or fed to animals after sterilization. For its part, flammable waste can be used to generate electricity in incinerators. And after sorting, incinerator ash and building waste can also be reused. When this vision of recycling is fully realized, there will be no need to rely on landfills as final disposal sites. The waste removal system currently works like this in Taipei: City residents put their household trash in bags and take it to fixed collection and removal points. There TDEP's sanitation teams pick up the waste in their trucks and transport it to disposal facilities for centralized treatment. TDEP currently disposes of waste at its Neihu, Mucha, and Peitou incinerators, which have a total disposal capacity of 4,200 tonnes per day. When operating at full capacity, these facilities are sufficient to dispose of most waste produced in Taipei City. In addition, Taipei also disposes of waste in the Shanchuku Sanitary Landfill, which is the city’s second sanitary landfill. Having gone into operation in 1994, this landfill has a total volume of 6.17 million cubic meters, and presently has 580,000 cubic meters of room left. It is currently used for the disposal of noncombustible waste and incinerator ash. To achieve its zero landfill goal, TDEP began implementing a per-bag fee collection system in July 2000, and this program has successfully reduced the city's waste output. To further lessen the burden on landfills, TDEP requires residents and businesses to perform waste sorting, which prevents useful resources from being sent to incinerators and landfills. TDEP is also relying on several newly-acquired technologies to keep flammable wastes from being put into landfills. For example, it uses huge waste crushers to grind up pieces of flammable waste prior to disposal by incineration. Spring mattress disassembly technology enables discarded mattresses to be broken down into flammable cloth and fibers, which can be incinerated, and springs and other metal parts, which can be sold to recycling firms for reuse. TDEP's statistics show that the average waste volume entering the city's landfills has fallen from 2,584 cubic meters per day in 1999 to 1,022 cubic meters per day in March and April of this year (2002), and only 856 cubic meters per day in May and June. This reduction in waste output will dramatically extend the useful life of Taipei's only operating landfill, while relieving pressure to build a third landfill. TDEP plans to build a number of recycling facilities via a BOT (build-operate-transfer) approach in the future. These will include an organic waste disposal facility at the Peitou incinerator, a comprehensive sorting facility at the Neihu incinerator, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste at the second landfill. Organic waste disposal and comprehensive sorting facilities will be built at all three incinerators in the years to come, and a crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversized and building waste will be built at a third landfill. This system will allow all useable resources to be recycled, while producing energy from the incineration of the remaining waste. The ash produced from the incineration of waste will either be used by private ash recycling firms, or by reuse facilities established by TDEP itself. Ash will be used in the paving of roads, and incinerator slag can be used directly as a paving material. And when the existing incinerators approach retirement, they will be converted into thermal decomposition furnaces producing no dioxin. When there is no excess incinerator ash needing disposal, then the goal of "zero landfill, total recycling" will truly have been reached. Taipei City's Timetable for Zero Landfill, Total Recycling by 2020 Time 2001~2005 2006~2010 2011~2015 2016~2020 Tasks to be completed 1. Use of restaurant garbage as hog feed (150 tonnes/day) 2. Trial compost plant (30 tonnes/day) 3. Composting of leaves from parks and schools (18 tonnes/day) 4. Crushing, sorting, and recycling facility for oversize waste (100 tonnes/day) 5. Mandatory pre-sorting of waste 1. Organic waste compost plant (900 tonnes/day) 2. Full sorting and disposal facility (300 tonnes/day) 1. Organic waste compost plant (500 tonnes/day) 2. Full sorting and disposal facility (1600 tonnes/day) Waste decomposition, ash vitrification, and ash solidification facilities Incinerated waste 2451 tonnes/day 1541 tonnes/day 775 tonnes/day 775 tonnes/day Waste entering landfills 698 tonnes/day 466 tonnes/day 212 tonnes/day 212~0 tonnes/day Per-Bag Fee Collection Cuts Taipei Garbage Volume by 38% Taipei City previously collected waste disposal fees according to water use, and each household had to pay an additional NT$4 in waste fees for every standard unit of water used. Although this was a convenient way of collecting waste disposal fees, the lack of a direct connection between water use and waste output made it occasionally unfair. With the support of the city council, TDEP therefore began changing to a per-bag fee collection system on July 1, 2000. City residents must now pack their waste in designated waste bags produced by TDEP and available for purchase at stores throughout the city before it will be picked up by a sanitation team. Residents can also separate recyclable resources from their waste and give them to a sanitation team recycling truck free of charge. This system not only provides economic incentives for waste reduction and recycling, but also realizes the polluter pays principle. Since Taipei implemented a per-bag fee collection system, use of designated waste bags has approached 100% among city residents. TDEP waste statistics indicate that average daily total waste volume in Taipei has fallen by 26.3% from 3,695 tonnes in 1999 to the current 2,722 tonnes. In addition, the average daily amount of household waste produced has fallen by 37.7% from 2,970 tonnes in 1999 to 1,581 tonnes today. Average daily total waste output during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen to 2,408 tonnes, or 34.8% less than during 1999. These statistics similarly indicate that the average amount of household waste produced daily during March, April, and May of 2002 has fallen 42.2% over the amount in 1999 to 1,718 tonnes. This shows that the per-bag fee collection system has delivered significant benefits and is increasingly effective. In addition, the amount of resources recycled by TDEP has risen 125% from an average of 73 tonnes per day in 1999 to 163 tonnes per day at present. Thanks to the dramatic increase in recycling that followed institution of the per-bag fee collection system, the recycling industry has staged a revival, and many schools, organizations, and apartment buildings, etc., are earning money selling recyclable materials to private recycling firms. When resources recycled by private recyclers are included, a total of 20,007 tonnes of materials were recycled in Taipei during May 2002, which works out to 645 tonnes of materials per day and a recycling rate of 20.5%. It is clear that the per-bag fee collection system is achieving the goal of waste reduction and full-scale recycling, easing demand for incinerator capacity, and extending the useful life of existing landfills. Thanks to the successful implementation of per-bag fee collection by TDEP, the Regional Institute of the Environment gave its "Outstanding Asian Waste Management Award" to the Taipei City government on November 7, 2001. This award provides further affirmation for the city's success at giving residents outstanding, forward-looking waste management services. The Regional Institute of the Environment was jointly established by the Commission of the European Communities and the government of Singapore to study international non-profit non-governmental organizations that focus on environmental issues in Europe and Asia. The successful implementation of a per-bag fee collection system is a major first step towards realization of the ideal of "zero landfill, total recycling." In the future TDEP will build on this foundation by instituting a variety of further waste management measures and acquiring advanced recycling technology. Director Shen has confidently declared, "We are absolutely sure we can reach our objective of "zero landfill, total recycling" by 2020." CAPTION: Taipei City’s recycling volume has greatly increased following the introduction of the per-bag fee collection system.
年度
2002
月份
5
卷
5
期
7
順序
1
倒序
2
分類
waste
標題2
Department of Environmental Protection-Building an Eco-City
檔案位置
print/V5/V5-07
「Department of Environmental Protection—Building an Eco-Citywaste」所屬的資料集：「Environmental Policy Monthly」的其他資料
編號：
567
標題：
Taiwan's Agenda 21 Document Set
摘要：
Sustainable Development Taiwan's Agenda 21 Document Set In the spirit of the United Nations Agenda 2
全文：
In the spirit of the United Nations Agenda 21 the Executive Yuan recently passed a draft of Taiwan's
編號：
976
標題：
New Warning Pictograms for Environmental Sanitation Agents
摘要：
The EPA implemented its new regulations for the labeling of environmental sanitation agents on July
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The EPA implemented its new regulations for the labeling of environmental sanitation agents on July
編號：
830
標題：
“Re-enactment” of Noise Added to Noise Control Measures
摘要：
Satisfaction with the response to noise complaints has always been very low. The main reason for thi
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Satisfaction with the response to noise complaints has always been very low. The main reason for thi
編號：
291
標題：
Feature Article Progress Behind the Scenes: Strengthening the Management of Environmental Analysis
摘要：
Environmental analysis has undergone extensive growth over the past ten years in Taiwan. By the end
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Environmental analysis has undergone extensive growth over the past ten years in Taiwan. By the end
編號：
223
標題：
BOT/BOO Incinerator Construction Plan Actively Promoted
摘要：
A plan to promote the construction of BOT/BOO incinerators calls for 15 plants to be built with a to
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A plan to promote the construction of BOT/BOO incinerators calls for 15 plants to be built with a to
編號：
714
標題：
EY Marine Pollution Incident Taskforce Begins Operation
摘要：
On March 23 the EPA convened the first meeting of the Executive Yuan Severe Marine Pollution Inciden
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On March 23 the EPA convened the first meeting of the Executive Yuan Severe Marine Pollution Inciden
編號：
108
標題：
Criteria for Regulating Air Polluting Activities to be Discussed
摘要：
Air Quality Article 26 of the amended Air Pollution Control Act which recently passed first reading
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Air Quality Article 26 of the amended Air Pollution Control Act which recently passed first reading
編號：
771
標題：
Feature: Industrial Park Wastewater Subject to Grading and Classification Controls
摘要：
To thoroughly resolve the problem of industrial park wastewater discharge the EPA will institute gra
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To thoroughly resolve the problem of industrial park wastewater discharge the EPA will institute gra
編號：
202
標題：
Taiwan Steps Up Promotion of Electric Motorcycles
摘要：
There were 15 million motor vehicles in Taiwan at the end of 1997. Of these two-thirds were motorcyc
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There were 15 million motor vehicles in Taiwan at the end of 1997. Of these two-thirds were motorcyc
編號：
881
標題：
Administrator: We will Never Allow a Repeat of Amorgos Incident
摘要：
Underscoring his resolve that no oil spill similar to last year’s Amorgos incident shall happen agai
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Underscoring his resolve that no oil spill similar to last year’s Amorgos incident shall happen agai
編號：
768
標題：
EPA Conducts Raids Against Underground Filling Stations
摘要：
The EPA aiming to wipe out underground filling stations, conducted its “Drive Against White Oil ” on
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The EPA aiming to wipe out underground filling stations, conducted its “Drive Against White Oil ” on
編號：
755
標題：
NCSD Strengthens Socio-Economic Development
摘要：
The Executive Yuan initially approved addition of a national land development working group to stren
全文：
The Executive Yuan initially approved addition of a national land development working group to stren
編號：
441
標題：
EPA Active In Earthquake Emergency Response
摘要：
Following the September 21 earthquake in Taiwan the EPA immediately established a 24-hour emergency
全文：
Following the September 21 earthquake in Taiwan the EPA immediately established a 24-hour emergency
編號：
576
標題：
EPA Lists Industry BACT Guidelines in Support of Total Emission Quantity Controls
摘要：
Taiwan’s emissions total quantity control (TQC) policy is slated to take effect in the near future.
全文：
Taiwan’s emissions total quantity control (TQC) policy is slated to take effect in the near future.
編號：
996
標題：
Revised Waste Disposal Act Enforcement Rules Drafted
摘要：
In conjunction with the revision of the Waste Disposal Act the EPA has revised the Waste Disposal Ac
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In conjunction with the revision of the Waste Disposal Act the EPA has revised the Waste Disposal Ac
編號：
816
標題：
Feature Article: Overview of Taiwan’s Air Pollution Control Policy
摘要：
This issue’s feature article looks at the duties and services of the EPA’s Bureau of Air Quality Pro
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This issue’s feature article looks at the duties and services of the EPA’s Bureau of Air Quality Pro
編號：
3115
標題：
First Free Electric Two Wheeled Vehicle Test Rides Held in New Taipei City
摘要：
Air Quality First Free Electric Two Wheeled Vehicle Test Rides Held in New Taipei City
全文：
Air Quality First Free Electric Two Wheeled Vehicle Test Rides Held in New Taipei City In collaborat
編號：
448
標題：
Taichung County Takes the Lead in Setting Tougher Air Emission Standards
摘要：
The Taichung County government recently set industry air emission standards at levels one-third more
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The Taichung County government recently set industry air emission standards at levels one-third more
編號：
723
標題：
2000 Review of Local EPBs
摘要：
The EPA recently completed the 2000 review of local-level environmental protection agencies. The EPA
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The EPA recently completed the 2000 review of local-level environmental protection agencies. The EPA
編號：
420
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Central TQC District to Focus on Pollution Reduction
摘要：
The Central Air Quality District total quantity control pilot project is formally underway. In the f
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The Central Air Quality District total quantity control pilot project is formally underway. In the f
編號：
116
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NCSD Passes National Environmental Protection Plan
摘要：
Sustainable Development The Executive Yuan National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) pass
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Sustainable Development The Executive Yuan National Council for Sustainable Development (NCSD) pass
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149
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Method of Calculating Construction Project Air Pollution Fee Rates to be Amended
摘要：
Air Quality Since construction project air pollution fee rates were first levied in July last year
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Air Quality Since construction project air pollution fee rates were first levied in July last year
編號：
541
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EIA Review Criteria for Land-based Gravel Extraction Drafted
摘要：
The importance of land-based gravel extraction increases daily but to protect against environmental
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The importance of land-based gravel extraction increases daily but to protect against environmental
編號：
855
標題：
Awards for Public Participation in Environmental Protection
摘要：
The EPA held the awards ceremony for the Tenth National Model Environmental Communities and the 2001
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The EPA held the awards ceremony for the Tenth National Model Environmental Communities and the 2001
編號：
474
標題：
EPA Urges Local Govts to Get Electric Bikes on the Road
摘要：
In the last few years the EPA has decided to promote electric motorbikes (e-bikes) as an important w
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In the last few years the EPA has decided to promote electric motorbikes (e-bikes) as an important w
編號：
461
標題：
EPA Urges Local EPB Labs to Obtain CNLA Certification
摘要：
Due to recent controversies over the accuracy of environmental testing data and in order to raise th
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Due to recent controversies over the accuracy of environmental testing data and in order to raise th
編號：
3281
標題：
Air Quality Flags Piloted at Schools
摘要：
Air Quality Flags Piloted at Schools
Since the implementation of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5
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Air Quality Flags Piloted at Schools
Since the implementation of the Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5
編號：
582
標題：
Industrial Waste Policy Under the Gun
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A serious lack of industrial waste treatment facilities confounds Taiwan's industrial and environmen
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A serious lack of industrial waste treatment facilities confounds Taiwan's industrial and environmen
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21
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Taiwan to Hold Meeting on APEC Marine Modeling Process
摘要：
Others The APEC Committee on Marine Modeling Processes convened its first meeting in Taipei on Augu
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Others The APEC Committee on Marine Modeling Processes convened its first meeting in Taipei on Augu
編號：
845
標題：
EPA Subsidy for Replacement of Diesel Buses
摘要：
To sharply improve urban air quality and give city residents a cleaner living environment the EPA is
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To sharply improve urban air quality and give city residents a cleaner living environment the EPA is
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